BOOK: Ethics

AUTHOR: Von Hildebrand

Chapter: III- the categories of importance

 

 

Quote:

“In everything that we do. There is importance in each step that we take in our life.”

 

 

Review:

In chapter 3, it first discuss the experiences of importance. The experiences of importance has been divided into 2. For the first one, supposing a certain individual have given us a certain compliment, a compliment is something  that a certain individual will give you a positive outlook from any kind of conclusion that  our action will take. Sometimes, we think that the compliment that people give us is not deserving but it is still agreeable and pleasurable. Before this compliments have been given to us we must have been told many things before, things which are very neutral or sometimes against our own character. But a throw of relief is given to you if a certain someone will give us a compliment.

 

 

In the second experience is when a certain individual shows generosity to others. Generosity is a state of action of a certain individual  which serves how he/she shows any signs of giving any kind of willingness to others. This can give distinguishment to us from our neutrality of ourselves. In truth, the act of generosity has an important part of importance which can be considered as noble and precious by many. Though we are not aware on how this act occurs, but the man who acted is better in a way of creating something that is very important

 

 

If we are able to compare the types of importance, we would be able to guarantee that we will discover their basics. Which can be very helpful to us in the near future in any kind of ethical action that we will take.

 

 

 

Lessons learned:

. there are 2 experience of importance. First is baout compliment and second is about generosity.

. a compliment is something  that a certain individual will give you a positive outlook from

  any kind of conclusion that  our action will take.

. Generosity is a state of action of a certain individual  which serves how he/she shows any

  signs of giving any kind of willingness to others.

 

 

Questions:

. what is importance

. what are the 2 experiences of importance

. what is a compliment

. what is generosity

. what are the categories of importance

 

 

 

BOOK: Ethical Traditions

AUTHOR: Paul New Berry

Chapter: I-Ancient Ethics

 

 

Quote:

“Ethics is very important, it has been teach and apply by the people even in ancient times.”

 

 

Review:

In chapter 1, it is mainly focusing about the teachings of ethics in ancient times. Ethics mainly started in the Historic times of ancient Greece. Which was the place of the 3 greatest philosophers of all time. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The 1^st of this philosophers is Socrates, he is one of the philosophers who is responsible for the birth of the western civilization. Socrates has contributed in many studies about ethics, morality and philosophy. He is the creator of the Socratic Method, an individual form of debate in which 2 opposing sides based on question and answers to each other which shows morality and ethics to the people.

 

 

The 2^nd of the 3 greek philosophers is Plato, a greek philosopher. Like Socrates, he is one of the philosophers who is responsible for the birth of the western civilization and contributed in many studies about ethics, morality and philosophy. He is also the one who wrote Crito, a short but a very important dialogue about his teacher Socrates and his friend Crito which mostly tackles about morality and ethics.

 

 

The 3^rd of the greek philosophers is Aristotle Like Socrates and Plato, he is one of the philosophers who is responsible for the birth of the western civilization and contributed in many studies about ethics, morality and philosophy. He is also the founder of the golden rule where he stated that all human beings are seeking happiness in their lives. And this kind of happiness does not involve pleasure, honor or wealth, but a happiness of a certain individuals virtue which is separated into 2 kinds, Moral and Intellectual.

 

 

Lessons learned:

. Socrates is one of the philosophers who is responsible for the birth

  of the western civilization.

. Plato is the student if Socrates.

. Aristotle is the student of Plato.

. Ancient ethics started in Greece.

 

 

Questions:

. When did ancient ethics started ?

. Who is Socrates ?

. Who is Plato ?

 .Who is Aristotle ?

. What is Crito?

 

BOOK: Principles of Ethics

AUTHOR: Paul Taylor

Chapter: IV-Utilitarianism

 

Quote:

“utilitarianism will not go away since it became a part of our everyday life.”

Review:

In chapter IV, it main discuss about Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the morality of handling or taking care of someone else property. This has been studied by many philosophers, but there is one philosopher who really took focus in studying this, he is John Stuart Mill. An English philosopher and author of numerous books which has a very importance in the studies of ethics. This include the on liberty in 1859 and Utilitarianism in 1861. He also have focus on the  studies of the different and basic principle of Utilitarianism. Another one would be James Rachels, a philosophy professor and author of The end of life: Euthanasia and morality (1986), Created from animals: The moral implications of Darwinism (1990) and the Elements of moral Philosophy (2000). In his contribution to utilitarianism, he is the one who made the debate over it.

He stated that utilitarianism is correct that we should consider consequences but it is wrong to ignore its other moral considerations.  

 

This chapter also discuss about formalism, a part of the ethical system which focuses on the actions we take in making proper and orderly functions. Immanuel kant, a German philosopher which was considered to be one of the greatest and one of the most important philosophers of all time. He was able to give many contributions in many fields of philosophy. Kant is the one who really gave a full study about the circulating functions of formalism, which intend to say that formalism is like utilitarianism, it will not go away since it became a part of our everyday life.

 

Lessons learned:

. Utilitarianism is the morality of handling or taking care of someone else property.

. formalism is a part of the ethical system which focuses on the actions we take in

  making proper and orderly functions.

 

Questions:

. what is Utilitarianism

. what is Formalism

. who is Immanuel Kant

. who is James Rachels

. who is John Stuart Mill